A Wireless Sensor Network is composed of:
- sensors, which are collecting and transmitting physical data and scattered over large zones,
- routers, which are responsible for retrieving those data and sending queries to sensors.

Their association enable to observe and control physical phenomena, such as temperature, light or motion. Monitoring a specific area is facilitated. The more sensors you have, the larger is the covered area.

Collected by the sensors, data is routed through multi-hop communication: any sensor can interact with another sensor located in its transmission range and can be used as "intermediate relay sensor" to reach the router.

WSN characteristics and performance can be easily used in various application areas:
industrial, data centers, military, environmental, home automation, health, safety, etc.